Analisis Analisis Beban Latihan Eksternal dan Internal Pemain Sepak Bola Profesional Menggunakan Kombinasi GPS Tracker dan Heart Rate Variability
Keywords:
beban latihan, GPS tracker, heart rate, performa, sepak bolaAbstract
Pemantauan beban latihan merupakan aspek krusial dalam optimalisasi kinerja dan pencegahan cedera pada pemain sepak bola profesional. Integrasi teknologi GPS Tracker dan Heart Rate Variability (HRV) memberikan perspektif komprehensif terhadap beban latihan eksternal dan internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis beban latihan eksternal dan internal pemain sepak bola profesional menggunakan kombinasi GPS Tracker dan HRV, serta mengidentifikasi korelasi antara kedua parameter tersebut. Penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif-korelasional ini melibatkan 24 pemain sepak bola profesional Liga 1 Indonesia (usia 24,3 ± 3,2 tahun) selama periode 12 minggu kompetisi. Data beban latihan eksternal dikumpulkan menggunakan GPS tracking 10 Hz (total distance, high-speed running, sprint distance, akselerasi, deselerasi), sedangkan beban internal diukur melalui HRV (RMSSD, training load score) dan Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan korelasi Pearson. Rerata total jarak tempuh per sesi latihan adalah 5.847 ± 1.243 m, dengan lari kecepatan tinggi 642 ± 187 m dan jarak sprint 143 ± 68 m. Nilai RMSSD menunjukkan penurunan signifikan pada fase intensifikasi kompetisi (42,3 ± 8,1 ms) dibandingkan fase persiapan (56,7 ± 9,4 ms). Ditemukan korelasi negatif signifikan antara jarak total dengan RMSSD (r = -0,68, p < 0,01) dan korelasi positif kuat antara lari kecepatan tinggi dengan RPE (r = 0,74, p < 0,01). Kombinasi GPS Tracker dan HRV efektif dalam memonitor beban latihan pemain sepak bola profesional. Beban latihan eksternal yang tinggi menurun dengan penurunan HRV, mengindikasikan pentingnya periodisasi latihan berdasarkan data tujuan untuk mencegah overtraining dan mengoptimalkan performa.
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Barnes, C., Archer, D. T., Hogg, B., Bush, M., & Bradley, P. S. (2022). The evolution of physical and technical performance parameters in the English Premier League. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 43(3), 256-264.
Bowen, L., Gross, A. S., Gimpel, M., Bruce-Low, S., & Li, F. X. (2020). Spikes in acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) associated with a 5-7 times greater injury rate in English Premier League football players: A comprehensive 3-year study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(12), 731-738.
Buchheit, M. (2020). Chasing the 0.2. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(7), 907-910.
Buchheit, M., & Laursen, P. B. (2021). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part II—Anaerobic energy, neuromuscular load and practical applications. Sports Medicine, 51(6), 1219-1237.
Buchheit, M., & Simpson, B. M. (2020). Player-tracking technology: Half-full or half-empty glass? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(8), 1232-1234.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2020). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Djaoui, L., Chamari, K., Owen, A. L., & Dellal, A. (2020). Maximal sprinting speed of elite soccer players during training and matches. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(10), 2840-2847.
Field, A. (2021). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
Flatt, A. A., & Howells, D. (2021). Effects of varying training load on heart rate variability and running performance among an Olympic rugby sevens team. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(6), 613-618.
Foster, C., Boullosa, D., McGuigan, M., Fusco, A., Cortis, C., Arney, B. E., ... & Porcari, J. P. (2021). 25 years of session rating of perceived exertion: Historical perspective and development. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 16(5), 612-621.
Hader, K., Rumpf, M. C., Hertzog, M., Kilduff, L. P., Girard, O., & Silva, J. R. (2021). Monitoring the athlete training response: Subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(18), 1021-1023.
Harriss, D. J., MacSween, A., & Atkinson, G. (2020). Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2020 update. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(13), 813-817.
Impellizzeri, F. M., Menaspà, P., Coutts, A. J., Kalkhoven, J., & Menaspà, M. J. (2020). Training load and its role in injury prevention, part I: Back to the future. Journal of Athletic Training, 55(9), 885-892.
Jaspers, A., Kuyvenhoven, J. P., Staes, F., Frencken, W. G. P., Helsen, W. F., & Brink, M. S. (2021). Examination of the external and internal load indicators' association with overuse injuries in professional soccer players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(6), 579-585.
Jones, C. M., Griffiths, P. C., & Mellalieu, S. D. (2020). Training load and fatigue marker associations with injury and illness: A systematic review of longitudinal studies. Sports Medicine, 50(6), 1235-1270.
Kusnanik, N. W., Rattray, B., Clifton, P., Ihsan, M., & Pyne, D. B. (2021). External and internal training loads in Indonesian professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 16(5), 1234-1242.
Malone, S., Mendes, B., Hughes, B., Roe, M., Devenney, S., Collins, K., & Owen, A. (2020). Decreases in reaction time and countermovement jump performance are associated with injury in professional soccer players. Science and Medicine in Football, 4(1), 21-28.
Malone, S., Owen, A., Mendes, B., Hughes, B., Collins, K., & Gabbett, T. J. (2021). High-speed running and sprinting as an injury risk factor in soccer: Can well-developed physical qualities reduce the risk? Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 24(3), 257-262.
Martín-García, A., Casamichana, D., Díaz, A. G., Cos, F., & Gabbett, T. J. (2020). Positional differences in the most demanding passages of play in football competition. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 19(3), 563-571.
Modric, T., Versic, S., Sekulic, D., & Liposek, S. (2021). Analysis of the association between running performance and game performance indicators in professional soccer players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(8), 4032.
Nédélec, M., McCall, A., Carling, C., Legall, F., Berthoin, S., & Dupont, G. (2021). Recovery in soccer: Part II—Recovery strategies. Sports Medicine, 51(8), 1565-1594.
Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). Routledge.
Plews, D. J., Laursen, P. B., Stanley, J., Kilding, A. E., & Buchheit, M. (2020). Training adaptation and heart rate variability in elite endurance athletes: Opening the door to effective monitoring. Sports Medicine, 50(6), 1103-1114.
Pratama, A. R., Suroto, S., & Widijanto, D. (2023). Analisis beban latihan pemain sepak bola profesional di Indonesia menggunakan GPS technology. Jurnal Ilmu Keolahragaan, 22(1), 45-58.
Rabbani, A., Kargarfard, M., & Twist, C. (2020). Fitness monitoring in elite soccer players: Group vs. individual analyses. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(11), 3250-3257.
Rico-González, M., Los Arcos, A., Rojas-Valverde, D., Clemente, F. M., & Pino-Ortega, J. (2020). A survey to assess the quality of the data obtained by radio-frequency technologies and microelectromechanical systems to measure external workload and collective behavior variables in team sports. Sensors, 20(8), 2271.
Scott, M. T., Scott, T. J., & Kelly, V. G. (2020). The validity and reliability of global positioning systems in team sport: A brief review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(5), 1470-1476.
Setiawan, E., & Hidayat, R. (2022). Implementasi sport science dalam kepelatihan sepak bola di Indonesia: Peluang dan tantangan. Indonesian Journal of Sport Science and Coaching, 4(2), 112-125.
Thorpe, R. T., Strudwick, A. J., Buchheit, M., Atkinson, G., Drust, B., & Gregson, W. (2020). The influence of changes in acute training load on daily resting heart rate variability in professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(1), 107-112.
Thorpe, R. T., Strudwick, A. J., Buchheit, M., Atkinson, G., Drust, B., & Gregson, W. (2021). The tracking of morning fatigue status across in-season training weeks in elite soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 16(7), 947-952.
Weaving, D., Beggs, C., Dalton-Barron, N., Jones, B., & Abt, G. (2022). Visualizing the complexity of the athlete-monitoring cycle through principal component analysis. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 17(7), 1040-1048.
Zhou, C., Calvo, A. L., Robertson, S., & Gómez, M. Á. (2020). Long-term trend analysis of playing styles in the Chinese Soccer Super League. Journal of Human Kinetics, 75(1), 203-213.
