Pengaruh Tingkat Aktivitas Fisik Harian terhadap Profil Kebugaran Kardiorespirasi dan Kekuatan Otot pada Mahasiswa
Keywords:
aktivitas fisik, kebugaran kardiorespirasi, kekuatan otot, mahasiswa, VO₂maxAbstract
Aktivitas fisik mahasiswa yang cenderung menurun akibat gaya hidup sedenter dapat berdampak pada kebugaran kardiorespirasi dan kekuatan otot. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat aktivitas fisik harian terhadap profil kebugaran kardiorespirasi dan kekuatan otot pada mahasiswa. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan melibatkan 120 mahasiswa berusia 18-24 tahun yang dipilih melalui purposive sampling. Tingkat aktivitas fisik diukur menggunakan International Physical Activity Questionnaire, kebugaran kardiorespirasi diukur dengan tes VO?max menggunakan metode bleep test, dan kekuatan otot diukur melalui hand grip strength test dan sit-up test. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara tingkat aktivitas fisik dengan VO?max (r=0,687; p<0,001), hand grip strength (r=0,542; p<0,001), dan performa sit-up (r=0,613; p<0,001). Mahasiswa dengan aktivitas fisik tinggi memiliki VO?max 28,3% lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok aktivitas rendah. Tingkat aktivitas fisik memberikan kontribusi sebesar 47,2% terhadap variasi kebugaran kardiorespirasi. Kesimpulannya, tingkat aktivitas fisik harian berpengaruh signifikan terhadap profil kebugaran kardiorespirasi dan kekuatan otot mahasiswa.
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Bohannon, R. W. (2019). Grip strength: An indispensable biomarker for older adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 1681-1691.
Bouchard, C., Sarzynski, M. A., Rice, T. K., Kraus, W. E., Church, T. S., Sung, Y. J., ... & Rankinen, T. (2011). Genomic predictors of the maximal O? uptake response to standardized exercise training programs. Journal of Applied Physiology, 110(5), 1160-1170.
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Castro, O., Bennie, J., Vergeer, I., Bosselut, G., & Biddle, S. J. (2020). How sedentary are university students? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prevention Science, 21(3), 332-343.
Chastin, S. F., Egerton, T., Leask, C., & Stamatakis, E. (2019). Meta-analysis of the relationship between breaks in sedentary behavior and cardiometabolic health. Obesity, 23(9), 1800-1810.
Chen, P., Mao, L., Nassis, G. P., Harmer, P., Ainsworth, B. E., & Li, F. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): The need to maintain regular physical activity while taking precautions. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(2), 103-104.
Craig, C. L., Marshall, A. L., Sjöström, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L., Ainsworth, B. E., ... & Oja, P. (2003). International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(8), 1381-1395.
Deliens, T., Deforche, B., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., & Clarys, P. (2015). Determinants of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in university students: A qualitative study using focus group discussions. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 201.
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Dodds, R. M., Syddall, H. E., Cooper, R., Benzeval, M., Deary, I. J., Dennison, E. M., ... & Sayer, A. A. (2014). Grip strength across the life course: Normative data from twelve British studies. PLoS ONE, 9(12), e113637.
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39(2), 175-191.
Gunnell, A. S., Joyce, S., Tomkinson, G. R., Leckie, C. A., & Plumb, M. S. (2016). Cardiorespiratory fitness and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer: Dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(7), 401-407.
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Kaminsky, L. A., Arena, R., & Myers, J. (2015). Reference standards for cardiorespiratory fitness measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing: Data from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 90(11), 1515-1523.
Kodama, S., Saito, K., Tanaka, S., Maki, M., Yachi, Y., Asumi, M., ... & Sone, H. (2009). Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: A meta-analysis. JAMA, 301(19), 2024-2035.
Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 863.
Lavie, C. J., Oken, K., Carbone, S., Pandey, A., & Marwan, M. (2019). Exercise training in cardiovascular diseases: From theory to practice. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 16(3), 155-171.
Leong, D. P., Teo, K. K., Rangarajan, S., Lopez-Jaramillo, P., Avezum Jr, A., Orlandini, A., ... & Yusuf, S. (2015). Prognostic value of grip strength: Findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The Lancet, 386(9990), 266-273.
Milanovi?, Z., Sporiš, G., & Weston, M. (2015). Effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIT) and continuous endurance training for VO?max improvements: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Sports Medicine, 45(10), 1469-1481.
Montero, D., & Lundby, C. (2017). Refuting the myth of non-response to exercise training: 'Non-responders' do respond to higher dose of training. The Journal of Physiology, 595(11), 3377-3387.
Myers, J., McAuley, P., Lavie, C. J., Despres, J. P., Arena, R., & Kokkinos, P. (2015). Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as major markers of cardiovascular risk: Their independent and interwoven importance to health status. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 57(4), 306-314.
Nes, B. M., Janszky, I., Wisløff, U., Støylen, A., & Karlsen, T. (2013). Age-predicted maximal heart rate in healthy subjects: The HUNT fitness study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(6), 697-704.
Peterson, M. D., Rhea, M. R., Sen, A., & Gordon, P. M. (2010). Resistance exercise for muscular strength in older adults: A meta-analysis. Ageing Research Reviews, 9(3), 226-237.
Piercy, K. L., Troiano, R. P., Ballard, R. M., Carlson, S. A., Fulton, J. E., Galuska, D. A., ... & Olson, R. D. (2018). The physical activity guidelines for Americans. JAMA, 320(19), 2020-2028.
Roberts, H. C., Denison, H. J., Martin, H. J., Patel, H. P., Syddall, H., Cooper, C., & Sayer, A. A. (2011). A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: Towards a standardised approach. Age and Ageing, 40(4), 423-429.
Ross, R., Blair, S. N., Arena, R., Church, T. S., Després, J. P., Franklin, B. A., ... & Wisløff, U. (2016). Importance of assessing cardiorespiratory fitness in clinical practice: A case for fitness as a clinical vital sign. Circulation, 134(24), e653-e699.
Sallis, J. F., Bull, F., Guthold, R., Heath, G. W., Inoue, S., Kelly, P., ... & Hallal, P. C. (2016). Progress in physical activity over the Olympic quadrennium. The Lancet, 388(10051), 1325-1336.
Schoenfeld, B. J., Ogborn, D., & Krieger, J. W. (2016). Effects of resistance training frequency on measures of muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(11), 1689-1697.
Shamsi, M., Mirzaei, M., & Khabiri, S. S. (2020). Universal profile of low back pain in different cultures: A systematic review. Pain Research and Treatment, 2020, 5091351.
Smith, J. J., Eather, N., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Faigenbaum, A. D., & Lubans, D. R. (2014). The health benefits of muscular fitness for children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 44(9), 1209-1223.
Suchomel, T. J., Nimphius, S., & Stone, M. H. (2018). The importance of muscular strength in athletic performance. Sports Medicine, 48(4), 765-785.
Swain, D. P., & Franklin, B. A. (2006). Comparison of cardioprotective benefits of vigorous versus moderate intensity aerobic exercise. The American Journal of Cardiology, 97(1), 141-147.
Tomkinson, G. R., Lang, J. J., Tremblay, M. S., Dale, M., LeBlanc, A. G., Belanger, K., ... & Léger, L. (2017). International normative 20 m shuttle run values from 1 142 026 children and youth representing 50 countries. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(21), 1545-1554.
Warburton, D. E., & Bredin, S. S. (2017). Health benefits of physical activity: A systematic review of current systematic reviews. Current Opinion in Cardiology, 32(5), 541-556.
World Health Organization. (2020). WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. World Health Organization.
