The Effect of Structured Swimming Training on Improving Motor Coordination and Physical Fitness of Elementary School Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35458/jc.v6i3.4821Keywords:
Structured Swimming; Motor Coordination; Physical Fitness; Elementary School Students; Physical Education.Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effect of structured swimming training on improving motor coordination and physical fitness of students at SD Inpres Unggulan BTN Pemda Makassar. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a One Group Pretest–Posttest model, involving 20 students. The variables measured included motor coordination using the Alternate Hand Wall Toss Test and physical fitness components, namely VO?max, muscle strength, and agility. The structured swimming training program was implemented for six weeks, twice weekly. The results showed significant improvements in all variables after the intervention. Motor coordination increased on average from 15.8 to 26.4. VO?max increased from 28.5 to 34.2 ml/kg/min, muscle strength increased from 11.4 to 14.8 kg, and agility showed a time reduction from 14.2 to 12.6 seconds. A paired sample t-test showed a p-value <0.05 for all variables, indicating a significant effect of structured swimming training on motor coordination and physical fitness. The results of this study confirm that swimming, as a structured activity, can comprehensively improve students' motor skills and physical condition. Integrating swimming training into physical education is considered relevant for supporting the physical development of elementary school-aged children. Further research is recommended using a control group design and a longer intervention duration to strengthen the generalizability of the findings.
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Awwalul, W. Q. (2021). Terapi renang terhadap perkembangan motorik kasar anak. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya Repository. https://repository.um-surabaya.ac.id/6459/1/Awwalul_terapi%20renang%20motorik%20kasar.pdf
Becker, B., & Frick, B. (2019). Evaluating the effectiveness of youth swimming programs: A systematic approach. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, 14(5), 623–631. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954119876289
Bertucci, W., Croisier, J. L., & Hume, P. (2021). Aerobic and anaerobic adaptations in young swimmers: A review. Sports Medicine, 51(3), 449–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01402-w
Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Da Silva, D. F., Olher, R. R., & Garganta, R. (2020). Effects of aquatic motor activities on the psychomotor development of children aged 6–10 years. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 15(4), 753–765. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2020.154.07
Dewi, P., & Nurdin, S. (2019). Dampak latihan renang terhadap keseimbangan dan kekuatan otot anak sekolah dasar. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 7(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v7i1.XXXX
Faigenbaum, A. D., Lloyd, R. S., & Myer, G. (2018). Youth physical development models: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 40(3), 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1519/SSC.0000000000000370
Ferreira, A. P., Gomes, T., Santos, R., & Marques, E. (2024). Swimming exercise improves adolescents’ physical conditioning, motor performance, and cardiorespiratory fitness: A systematic review. Frontiers in Physiology, 15, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2024.1397842
Gallahue, D. L., Ozmun, J. C., & Goodway, J. D. (2019). Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults (8th ed.). Jones & Bartlett.
García-Hermoso, A., Ramírez-Campillo, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2018). Effects of physical education interventions on motor competence and health in children: An updated systematic review. Sports Medicine, 48(7), 1509–1526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0898-6
Ghozali, I. (2021). Aplikasi analisis multivariate dengan program IBM SPSS 26. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hardani, F., Rahmawati, N., & Yusuf, R. (2021). Analisis kebugaran jasmani siswa sekolah dasar melalui tes standar. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Indonesia, 17(1), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpji.v17i1.XXXX
Iskandar, D., & Lestari, N. (2020). Pengaruh pembelajaran renang terhadap kemampuan koordinasi motorik siswa SD. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Jasmani, 4, 223–231. https://proceeding.unnes.ac.id/snpjkmpd/article/download/4223/3749
Leger, L., et al. (2019). Standardized 20-meter shuttle run test for children fitness assessment: Updated norms. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(17), 1931–1939. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2019.XXXXXXX
Logan, S. W., Webster, E. K., & Goodway, J. D. (2018). Motor competence assessment in children aged 6–12 years: Validity and reliability updates. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 22(4), 251–267. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2018.1481015
Lubis, M., Pratama, R., & Firmansyah, F. (2022). Aktivitas fisik dan kebugaran jasmani anak sekolah dasar di Indonesia. Jurnal Aktivitas Jasmani Indonesia, 9(2), 90–100. https://doi.org/10.31258/jaji.9.2.90-100
Maksum, A. (2020). Metodologi penelitian dalam olahraga (Edisi Revisi). Unesa University Press.
Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Sánchez-López, M., & García-Hermoso, A. (2020). Handgrip strength as a predictor of children’s health status: Updated evidence. Pediatric Exercise Science, 32(4), 245–252. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2020-0012
Mutohir, T. C., & Maksum, A. (2022). Pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani berbasis perkembangan motorik. Rajawali Pers.
Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., & Castro-Piñero, J. (2019). Physical fitness and its relation to children’s health: A systematic review. Pediatric Exercise Science, 31(2), 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0233
Pangrazi, R. P., & Beighle, A. (2019). Dynamic physical education for elementary school children (19th ed.). Human Kinetics.
Pratama, R., & Firmansyah, F. (2021). Aktivitas fisik terstruktur dalam pengembangan kebugaran jasmani siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani dan Adaptif, 4(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpja.v4i1.XXXX
Puspitasari, D., & Hariyanto, E. (2020). Kontribusi latihan renang terhadap koordinasi motorik anak usia sekolah. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 8(2), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v8i2.XXXX
Ramadhan, G., Yusuf, M., & Subagiyo, A. (2019). Tingkat kebugaran jasmani siswa sekolah dasar di Indonesia. Jurnal Olahraga, 5(1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.31258/jo.5.1.45
Singh, A., Uijtdewilligen, L., Twisk, W., & Chinapaw, M. J. (2019). Physical activity and academic performance in children: A systematic review. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 51(6), 1226–1234. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.000000000000194
Stankovi?, M., Radakovi?, J., & Mileti?, A. (2023). Multisport vs. swimming-only participation and its effects on children’s motor competence. Sports, 11(8), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11080139
Suryani, N., & Wibowo, A. (2020). Pengaruh latihan renang terhadap kekuatan dan keseimbangan siswa sekolah dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga dan Kesehatan, 8(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.26740/jpoks.v8i1.XXXX
Thomas, J. R., Nelson, J., & Silverman, S. (2017). Research methods in physical activity (7th ed.). Human Kinetics.
Tomkinson, G. R., Carver, K. D., & Atkinson, F. (2019). Fit norms for shuttle run testing in children: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 49(7), 1007–1035. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01167-8
Published
2025-09-21
How to Cite
Kasmad, M. R., & Saleh, M. S. (2025). The Effect of Structured Swimming Training on Improving Motor Coordination and Physical Fitness of Elementary School Students. Journal of Sport Education, Coaching, and Health (JOCCA), 6(3), 262-276. https://doi.org/10.35458/jc.v6i3.4821
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